Metric Results

[ summary ] [ packages ] [ cycles ] [ explanations ]

The following document contains the results of a JDepend metric analysis. The various metrics are defined at the bottom of this document.

Summary

[ summary ] [ packages ] [ cycles ] [ explanations ]

Package TC CC AC Ca Ce A I D V
it.amattioli.dominate 10 2 8 11 9 80.0% 45.0% 25.0% 1
it.amattioli.dominate.groups 3 2 1 0 5 33.0% 100.0% 33.0% 1
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate 10 7 3 0 21 30.000002% 100.0% 30.000002% 1
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate.filters 12 9 3 2 7 25.0% 78.0% 3.0% 1
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate.types 4 4 0 1 12 0.0% 92.0% 8.0% 1
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate.validators 2 1 1 0 5 50.0% 100.0% 50.0% 1
it.amattioli.dominate.lazy 3 1 2 1 6 67.0% 86.0% 52.0% 1
it.amattioli.dominate.memory 6 4 2 2 11 33.0% 85.0% 18.0% 1
it.amattioli.dominate.properties 13 12 1 4 8 8.0% 67.0% 26.0% 1
it.amattioli.dominate.repositories 5 3 2 4 6 40.0% 60.000004% 0.0% 1
it.amattioli.dominate.resolver 3 2 1 1 2 33.0% 67.0% 0.0% 1
it.amattioli.dominate.sessions 6 5 1 1 4 17.0% 80.0% 3.0% 1
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications 22 9 13 6 9 58.999996% 60.000004% 19.0% 1
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.beans 6 5 1 0 7 17.0% 100.0% 17.0% 1
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.dflt 13 13 0 3 8 0.0% 73.0% 27.000002% 1
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.hibernate 28 27 1 1 14 4.0% 93.0% 3.0% 1
it.amattioli.dominate.util 3 2 1 4 5 33.0% 56.0% 11.0% 1
it.amattioli.dominate.validation 10 7 3 0 9 30.000002% 100.0% 30.000002% 1

Packages

[ summary ] [ packages ] [ cycles ] [ explanations ]

it.amattioli.dominate

Afferent Couplings Efferent Couplings Abstractness Instability Distance
11 9 80.0% 45.0% 25.0%
Abstract Classes Concrete Classes Used by Packages Uses Packages
it.amattioli.dominate.Described
it.amattioli.dominate.Entity
it.amattioli.dominate.Filter
it.amattioli.dominate.LocalDescribed
it.amattioli.dominate.OptLockEntity
it.amattioli.dominate.Repository
it.amattioli.dominate.RepositoryFactory
it.amattioli.dominate.Specification
it.amattioli.dominate.EntityImpl
it.amattioli.dominate.RepositoryRegistry
it.amattioli.dominate.groups
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate.filters
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate.types
it.amattioli.dominate.lazy
it.amattioli.dominate.memory
it.amattioli.dominate.repositories
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.beans
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.dflt
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.hibernate
it.amattioli.common.properties
it.amattioli.dominate.memory
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications
it.amattioli.dominate.util
java.beans
java.io
java.lang
java.util
org.apache.commons.lang.builder

it.amattioli.dominate.groups

Afferent Couplings Efferent Couplings Abstractness Instability Distance
0 5 33.0% 100.0% 33.0%
Abstract Classes Concrete Classes Used by Packages Uses Packages
it.amattioli.dominate.groups.EntityGroupFactory
it.amattioli.dominate.groups.EntityGroup
it.amattioli.dominate.groups.GroupingFactory
None it.amattioli.dominate
it.amattioli.dominate.properties
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.dflt
java.lang
java.util

it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate

Afferent Couplings Efferent Couplings Abstractness Instability Distance
0 21 30.000002% 100.0% 30.000002%
Abstract Classes Concrete Classes Used by Packages Uses Packages
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate.AbstractHibernateFilter
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate.AbstractHibernateRepository
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate.HibernateFilter
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate.ClassHibernateRepository
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate.CollectionHibernateRepository
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate.HibernateEntityResolver
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate.HibernateRepositoryFactory
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate.HibernateSessionManager
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate.HibernateSessionManager$1
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate.SessionManagerRegistry
None it.amattioli.dominate
it.amattioli.dominate.memory
it.amattioli.dominate.repositories
it.amattioli.dominate.resolver
it.amattioli.dominate.sessions
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.hibernate
it.amattioli.dominate.util
java.beans
java.io
java.lang
java.util
org.apache.commons.collections
org.apache.commons.lang
org.hibernate
org.hibernate.cfg
org.hibernate.collection
org.hibernate.criterion
org.hibernate.exception
org.hibernate.metadata
org.slf4j

it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate.filters

Afferent Couplings Efferent Couplings Abstractness Instability Distance
2 7 25.0% 78.0% 3.0%
Abstract Classes Concrete Classes Used by Packages Uses Packages
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate.filters.ComparisonType
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate.filters.HibernateAttributeFilter
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate.filters.ValueListAttributeFilter
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate.filters.ComparisonType$1
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate.filters.ComparisonType$2
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate.filters.ComparisonType$3
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate.filters.EntityFilter
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate.filters.EnumFilter
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate.filters.LongFilter
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate.filters.MultipleEntityFilter
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate.filters.MultipleEnumFilter
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate.filters.StringFilter
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.hibernate
it.amattioli.dominate
java.lang
java.lang.reflect
java.util
org.apache.commons.lang
org.hibernate
org.hibernate.criterion

it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate.types

Afferent Couplings Efferent Couplings Abstractness Instability Distance
1 12 0.0% 92.0% 8.0%
Abstract Classes Concrete Classes Used by Packages Uses Packages
None it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate.types.EnumUserType
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate.types.ExternalEntityUserType
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate.types.FixedStringUserType
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate.types.TypeLogger
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.hibernate
it.amattioli.dominate
it.amattioli.dominate.lazy
java.io
java.lang
java.lang.reflect
java.sql
java.util
org.apache.commons.lang
org.hibernate
org.hibernate.type
org.hibernate.usertype
org.slf4j

it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate.validators

Afferent Couplings Efferent Couplings Abstractness Instability Distance
0 5 50.0% 100.0% 50.0%
Abstract Classes Concrete Classes Used by Packages Uses Packages
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate.validators.NotBlank
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate.validators.NotBlankValidator
None java.lang
java.lang.annotation
org.apache.commons.lang
org.hibernate.validator
org.slf4j

it.amattioli.dominate.lazy

Afferent Couplings Efferent Couplings Abstractness Instability Distance
1 6 67.0% 86.0% 52.0%
Abstract Classes Concrete Classes Used by Packages Uses Packages
it.amattioli.dominate.lazy.Lazy
it.amattioli.dominate.lazy.LazyList
it.amattioli.dominate.lazy.LazyEntity
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate.types
it.amattioli.dominate
java.io
java.lang
java.lang.reflect
java.util
net.sf.cglib.proxy

it.amattioli.dominate.memory

Afferent Couplings Efferent Couplings Abstractness Instability Distance
2 11 33.0% 85.0% 18.0%
Abstract Classes Concrete Classes Used by Packages Uses Packages
it.amattioli.dominate.memory.AbstractCollectionFilter
it.amattioli.dominate.memory.CollectionFilter
it.amattioli.dominate.memory.CollectionRepository
it.amattioli.dominate.memory.EmptyRepository
it.amattioli.dominate.memory.MemoryRepository
it.amattioli.dominate.memory.MemoryRepositoryFactory
it.amattioli.dominate
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate
it.amattioli.dominate
it.amattioli.dominate.repositories
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.dflt
it.amattioli.dominate.util
java.beans
java.io
java.lang
java.util
org.apache.commons.collections
org.apache.commons.collections.map

it.amattioli.dominate.properties

Afferent Couplings Efferent Couplings Abstractness Instability Distance
4 8 8.0% 67.0% 26.0%
Abstract Classes Concrete Classes Used by Packages Uses Packages
it.amattioli.dominate.properties.CollectionChangeListener
it.amattioli.dominate.properties.BoundCollectionDecorator
it.amattioli.dominate.properties.BoundCollectionDecorator$1
it.amattioli.dominate.properties.BoundCollectionDecorator$BoundCollectionIterator
it.amattioli.dominate.properties.BoundListDecorator
it.amattioli.dominate.properties.BoundListDecorator$1
it.amattioli.dominate.properties.CollectionChangeEvent
it.amattioli.dominate.properties.CollectionChangeSupport
it.amattioli.dominate.properties.IndexedPropertyAdapter
it.amattioli.dominate.properties.Properties
it.amattioli.dominate.properties.PropertyAccessException
it.amattioli.dominate.properties.UnreadeablePropertyException
it.amattioli.dominate.properties.UnwritablePropertyException
it.amattioli.dominate.groups
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.beans
it.amattioli.dominate.util
it.amattioli.dominate.util
java.beans
java.lang
java.lang.reflect
java.util
org.apache.commons.beanutils
org.apache.commons.lang
org.slf4j

it.amattioli.dominate.repositories

Afferent Couplings Efferent Couplings Abstractness Instability Distance
4 6 40.0% 60.000004% 0.0%
Abstract Classes Concrete Classes Used by Packages Uses Packages
it.amattioli.dominate.repositories.AbstractRepositoryBridge
it.amattioli.dominate.repositories.AbstractRepositoryFactory
it.amattioli.dominate.repositories.CompositeRepositoryFactory
it.amattioli.dominate.repositories.Order
it.amattioli.dominate.repositories.OrderList
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate
it.amattioli.dominate.memory
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.hibernate
it.amattioli.dominate.util
it.amattioli.dominate
java.io
java.lang
java.util
org.apache.commons.beanutils
org.apache.commons.lang

it.amattioli.dominate.resolver

Afferent Couplings Efferent Couplings Abstractness Instability Distance
1 2 33.0% 67.0% 0.0%
Abstract Classes Concrete Classes Used by Packages Uses Packages
it.amattioli.dominate.resolver.EntityResolver
it.amattioli.dominate.resolver.CompositeEntityResolver
it.amattioli.dominate.resolver.EntityRegistry
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate
java.lang
java.util

it.amattioli.dominate.sessions

Afferent Couplings Efferent Couplings Abstractness Instability Distance
1 4 17.0% 80.0% 3.0%
Abstract Classes Concrete Classes Used by Packages Uses Packages
it.amattioli.dominate.sessions.SessionManager
it.amattioli.dominate.sessions.CompositeSessionManager
it.amattioli.dominate.sessions.ConcurrencyException
it.amattioli.dominate.sessions.ConnectionException
it.amattioli.dominate.sessions.SessionManagerRegistry
it.amattioli.dominate.sessions.SessionMode
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate
java.lang
java.util
org.apache.commons.collections
org.slf4j

it.amattioli.dominate.specifications

Afferent Couplings Efferent Couplings Abstractness Instability Distance
6 9 58.999996% 60.000004% 19.0%
Abstract Classes Concrete Classes Used by Packages Uses Packages
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.AbstractSpecification
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.Assembler
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.ChainedSpecification
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.CompositeSpecification
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.EntitySpecification
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.EnumSpecification
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.ExclusionListSpecification
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.LongSpecification
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.MultipleEntitySpecification
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.MultipleEnumSpecification
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.ObjectSpecification
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.StringSpecification
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.TotalOrderComparisonType
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.ConjunctionSpecification
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.DisjunctionSpecification
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.NegatedSpecification
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.TotalOrderComparisonType$1
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.TotalOrderComparisonType$2
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.TotalOrderComparisonType$3
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.TotalOrderComparisonType$4
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.TotalOrderComparisonType$5
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.TotalOrderComparisonType$6
it.amattioli.dominate
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate
it.amattioli.dominate.memory
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.beans
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.dflt
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.hibernate
it.amattioli.common.properties
it.amattioli.dominate
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate.filters
it.amattioli.dominate.properties
java.beans
java.io
java.lang
java.lang.reflect
java.util

it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.beans

Afferent Couplings Efferent Couplings Abstractness Instability Distance
0 7 17.0% 100.0% 17.0%
Abstract Classes Concrete Classes Used by Packages Uses Packages
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.beans.PropertySpecificationFactory
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.beans.BeanSpecification
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.beans.EntityPropertySpecificationFactory
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.beans.EnumPropertySpecificationFactory
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.beans.ObjectPropertySpecificationFactory
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.beans.StringPropertySpecificationFactory
None it.amattioli.dominate
it.amattioli.dominate.properties
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications
java.beans
java.lang
java.util
org.apache.commons.beanutils

it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.dflt

Afferent Couplings Efferent Couplings Abstractness Instability Distance
3 8 0.0% 73.0% 27.000002%
Abstract Classes Concrete Classes Used by Packages Uses Packages
None it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.dflt.BeanShellSpecification
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.dflt.DefaultEntitySpecification
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.dflt.DefaultEnumSpecification
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.dflt.DefaultExclusionListSpecification
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.dflt.DefaultLongSpecification
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.dflt.DefaultMultipleEntitySpecification
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.dflt.DefaultMultipleEnumSpecification
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.dflt.DefaultObjectSpecification
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.dflt.DefaultStringSpecification
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.dflt.FalseSpecification
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.dflt.PredicateAssembler
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.dflt.SpecificationPredicate
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.dflt.TrueSpecification
it.amattioli.dominate.groups
it.amattioli.dominate.memory
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.hibernate
bsh
it.amattioli.dominate
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications
java.lang
java.util
org.apache.commons.beanutils
org.apache.commons.collections
org.apache.commons.collections.functors

it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.hibernate

Afferent Couplings Efferent Couplings Abstractness Instability Distance
1 14 4.0% 93.0% 3.0%
Abstract Classes Concrete Classes Used by Packages Uses Packages
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.hibernate.HqlAssembler$ParameterSetter
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.hibernate.CriteriaAssembler
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.hibernate.CriteriaEntitySpecification
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.hibernate.CriteriaEnumSpecification
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.hibernate.CriteriaExclusionListSpecification
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.hibernate.CriteriaLongSpecification
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.hibernate.CriteriaLongSpecification$1
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.hibernate.CriteriaMultipleEntitySpecification
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.hibernate.CriteriaMultipleEnumSpecification
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.hibernate.CriteriaObjectSpecification
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.hibernate.CriteriaStringSpecification
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.hibernate.HqlAssembler
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.hibernate.HqlAssembler$1
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.hibernate.HqlAssembler$2
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.hibernate.HqlEntitySpecification
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.hibernate.HqlEntitySpecification$1
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.hibernate.HqlEnumSpecification
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.hibernate.HqlEnumSpecification$1
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.hibernate.HqlLongSpecification
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.hibernate.HqlMultipleEntitySpecification
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.hibernate.HqlMultipleEntitySpecification$1
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.hibernate.HqlMultipleEnumSpecification
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.hibernate.HqlMultipleEnumSpecification$1
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.hibernate.HqlObjectSpecification
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.hibernate.HqlObjectSpecification$1
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.hibernate.HqlStringSpecification
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.hibernate.HqlUtils
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.hibernate.HqlUtils$1
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate
it.amattioli.dominate
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate.filters
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate.types
it.amattioli.dominate.repositories
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.dflt
java.lang
java.util
org.apache.commons.collections
org.apache.commons.lang
org.hibernate
org.hibernate.criterion
org.hibernate.type
org.slf4j

it.amattioli.dominate.util

Afferent Couplings Efferent Couplings Abstractness Instability Distance
4 5 33.0% 56.0% 11.0%
Abstract Classes Concrete Classes Used by Packages Uses Packages
it.amattioli.dominate.util.PropertyChangeEmitter
it.amattioli.dominate.util.GenericComparator
it.amattioli.dominate.util.MultiPropertyComparator
it.amattioli.dominate
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate
it.amattioli.dominate.memory
it.amattioli.dominate.properties
it.amattioli.dominate.properties
it.amattioli.dominate.repositories
java.beans
java.lang
java.util

it.amattioli.dominate.validation

Afferent Couplings Efferent Couplings Abstractness Instability Distance
0 9 30.000002% 100.0% 30.000002%
Abstract Classes Concrete Classes Used by Packages Uses Packages
it.amattioli.dominate.validation.ChainedValidator
it.amattioli.dominate.validation.Constraint
it.amattioli.dominate.validation.Validator
it.amattioli.dominate.validation.AnnotatedConstraint
it.amattioli.dominate.validation.ClassValidatorPool
it.amattioli.dominate.validation.DefaultConstraint
it.amattioli.dominate.validation.DefaultValidator
it.amattioli.dominate.validation.HibernateValidator3Validator
it.amattioli.dominate.validation.ValidationResult
it.amattioli.dominate.validation.ValidationResult$ResultType
None it.amattioli.common.properties
java.beans
java.lang
java.lang.annotation
java.lang.reflect
java.util
org.apache.commons.beanutils
org.apache.commons.lang
org.hibernate.validator

Cycles

[ summary ] [ packages ] [ cycles ] [ explanations ]

Package Package Dependencies
it.amattioli.dominate it.amattioli.dominate.memory
it.amattioli.dominate
it.amattioli.dominate.groups it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.dflt
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications
it.amattioli.dominate.properties
it.amattioli.dominate.util
it.amattioli.dominate.properties
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate it.amattioli.dominate
it.amattioli.dominate.memory
it.amattioli.dominate
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate.filters it.amattioli.dominate
it.amattioli.dominate.memory
it.amattioli.dominate
it.amattioli.dominate.hibernate.types it.amattioli.dominate.lazy
it.amattioli.dominate
it.amattioli.dominate.memory
it.amattioli.dominate
it.amattioli.dominate.lazy it.amattioli.dominate
it.amattioli.dominate.memory
it.amattioli.dominate
it.amattioli.dominate.memory it.amattioli.dominate
it.amattioli.dominate.memory
it.amattioli.dominate.properties it.amattioli.dominate.util
it.amattioli.dominate.properties
it.amattioli.dominate.repositories it.amattioli.dominate
it.amattioli.dominate.memory
it.amattioli.dominate
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications it.amattioli.dominate.properties
it.amattioli.dominate.util
it.amattioli.dominate.properties
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.beans it.amattioli.dominate.specifications
it.amattioli.dominate.properties
it.amattioli.dominate.util
it.amattioli.dominate.properties
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.dflt it.amattioli.dominate.specifications
it.amattioli.dominate.properties
it.amattioli.dominate.util
it.amattioli.dominate.properties
it.amattioli.dominate.specifications.hibernate it.amattioli.dominate.specifications
it.amattioli.dominate.properties
it.amattioli.dominate.util
it.amattioli.dominate.properties
it.amattioli.dominate.util it.amattioli.dominate.properties
it.amattioli.dominate.util

Explanation

[ summary ] [ packages ] [ cycles ] [ explanations ]

The following explanations are for quick reference and are lifted directly from the original JDepend documentation.

Term Description
Number of Classes The number of concrete and abstract classes (and interfaces) in the package is an indicator of the extensibility of the package.
Afferent Couplings The number of other packages that depend upon classes within the package is an indicator of the package's responsibility.
Efferent Couplings The number of other packages that the classes in the package depend upon is an indicator of the package's independence.
Abstractness The ratio of the number of abstract classes (and interfaces) in the analyzed package to the total number of classes in the analyzed package. The range for this metric is 0 to 1, with A=0 indicating a completely concrete package and A=1 indicating a completely abstract package.
Instability The ratio of efferent coupling (Ce) to total coupling (Ce / (Ce + Ca)). This metric is an indicator of the package's resilience to change. The range for this metric is 0 to 1, with I=0 indicating a completely stable package and I=1 indicating a completely instable package.
Distance The perpendicular distance of a package from the idealized line A + I = 1. This metric is an indicator of the package's balance between abstractness and stability. A package squarely on the main sequence is optimally balanced with respect to its abstractness and stability. Ideal packages are either completely abstract and stable (x=0, y=1) or completely concrete and instable (x=1, y=0). The range for this metric is 0 to 1, with D=0 indicating a package that is coincident with the main sequence and D=1 indicating a package that is as far from the main sequence as possible.
Cycles Packages participating in a package dependency cycle are in a deadly embrace with respect to reusability and their release cycle. Package dependency cycles can be easily identified by reviewing the textual reports of dependency cycles. Once these dependency cycles have been identified with JDepend, they can be broken by employing various object-oriented techniques.